Exploring the fascinating Casemates Du Bock underground caverns in Luxembourg City
© Images by Hiatus.Design
The Casemates du Bock are an extraordinary network of underground tunnels and chambers carved into the rocky cliffs of Luxembourg City. They are a testament to the city's strategic importance and architectural ingenuity over centuries.
The origins of the Casemates du Bock date back to 963 AD when Count Siegfried acquired the Bock promontory and built the Castle of Lucilinburhuc, laying the foundation for Luxembourg City. In 1644, under Spanish rule, the initial casemates were constructed as part of the city's fortifications. These tunnels were expanded in the 18th century by the Austrians, notably by General Neipperg in 1744, to include a central passage 110 metres long and up to 7 metres wide, with 25 cannon slots and a 47-metre-deep well supplying fresh water.
The Casemates du Bock played a crucial role in the city's defence, especially during the seven-month siege by French Revolutionary forces in 1794. Despite the prolonged assault, the fortress walls remained unbreached, earning Luxembourg the nickname "Gibraltar of the North." The casemates allowed for protected movement of troops and storage of supplies, making them an integral part of the city's military strategy.
Following the 1867 Treaty of London, which aimed to neutralize Luxembourg, the fortress was ordered to be dismantled. However, due to the casemates' integration into the city's structure, complete demolition was impossible without damaging the city itself. As a result, 17 kilometres of the underground network were preserved.
During World War II, the Casemates du Bock served as bomb shelters, providing refuge for up to 35,000 people during air raids. This adaptation from military fortification to civilian shelter underscores their versatility and importance in Luxembourg's history.
In recognition of their historical and architectural significance, the Casemates du Bock, along with other parts of Luxembourg's old quarters and fortifications, were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. Today, they are a major tourist attraction, offering visitors a glimpse into the city's storied past.
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